![]() Presentation on theme: 'Serial Killers Dr. Mike Aamodt Radford University'— Presentation transcript:
Nov 5, 2017 - Serial Killers presentation by Dr. Mike Aamodt, Radford University (slideplayer.com). Submitted 1 year ago by freefalling77 comment; share. That's how many have been identified by university professor Mike Aamodt, who compiled the mother of all serial killer encyclopedias, a database.
2 Types of Multiple Killers
Mass Spree Serial# of victims# of events# of locationsCooling-off period no no yesNote: # of victims for serial killers was revised from 3 to 2 at the 2005 FBI-sponsored symposium on serial murder.
3 Radford Serial Killer Database
Currently has 2,756 serial killers1,788 from the U.S.968 from other countriesBegan with student serial killer timelines18 years of data collectionGoalsAccurate information for my forensic psychology class lecturesProvide accurate information to the publicPotentially assist law enforcement using statistical profiling models
4 Creating the Database Compiling names of serial killers
What is a serial killer?2 or more victims (this is a change in definition)2 separate eventsCooling off period in betweenDetermine whether person is actually a serial killer or aSpree killerMass killerNone of the aboveWe eliminated 473 people found on common serial killers lists that are not actually serial killersIssuesWhat to do with people who have killed once and clearly would have killed again had they not been caught?What about a person with one kill and nine attempts?Suspected v. confessed v. convicted
5 Creating the Database Gathering Information Sources Issues
True-crime booksNewspaper articlesOn-line prison recordsCourt documentsAncestry.comInternet sitesIssuesAccuracy of informationAvailability of information
6 Creating the Database Gathering Information
Information Obtained (141 variables)Demographics (age, sex, race, country, state, city)Childhood infoBirth order, raised by, teased, abusedEducation and IQVocational and military historyCriminal and forensic recordInformation about the crimeMethod, victim, location, partnerInformation about the trialNRGI, sentence, confession,New Section on VictimsNames & datesExcellent check for data accuracy and will be useful in studying victims rather than killersInformation on 7,400 U.S. victims to date
7 Classifying the Killers
MotiveFinancial, thrill, power, revenge, anger, convenienceVictimAge, sex, raceHigh risk vs. low riskAcquaintance vs. strangerLocation (e.g., home invasion, street, hospital)MethodStrangle, bludgeon, shoot, stab, suffocate, poison
8 Classifying the Killers
Kills familyBlack widow (financial gain)Bluebeard (power)Attention (Munchhausen by proxy)Kills patients or other dependentsAngel of death (power)Lethal caretakers (financial gain)Baby farmers (financial gain)
9 Classifying the Killers
Home invasionRape or no sexRobbery or just killingAge of victim (elderly, family, adult female)Type of weapon usedTorture?Overkill or mutilation?Staging, posing, totems?
10 Problems with Dates Date of Victim Death
Date victim actually diedDate of attempted kill (might be different if the person was in the hospital for several days before death)Date last seenDate reported missingDate body was foundDate reported by killerSource differencesState death indexSocial security indexPrison Inmate Locator informationCourt transcripts
11 Problems with Locations City, County, State
Location of abductionLocation of killingLocation where body was dumpedLocation where body was foundBurial location
12 Serial Killer Frequency
Hickey (2010)352 males and 64 females in U.S. from158 males and 30 females in U.S. fromGorby (2000)300 international serial killers fromRadford University Data Base (9/08/2012)2,756 serial killersUS: 1,788International: 968Number of serial killers varies with each update because many names listed as serial killers are not actually serial killers and new serial killers are addedUpdated 09/08/2012
13 Serial Killers by Country
1,788 United States101 Italy98 South Africa95 England82 Japan72 Germany59 Canada48 Australia47 France37 Russia31 India28 China20 Mexico14 Brazil13 Scotland10 Poland
14 Percentage of World Population Percentage of Serial Killers Ratio
CountryPercentage of World PopulationPercentage of Serial KillersRatioUnited States4.4764.914.51Australia0.331.75.15South Africa0.723.65.00United Kingdom0.944.14.36Italy0.873.74.25Canada0.502.14.20Germany1.172.62.22France1.81Japan1.823.01.65Poland0.550.40.73Russia2.041.30.64Mexico1.600.70.44Brazil2.750.50.18India17.281.10.06China19.241.00.05
15 Problems with International Comparisons
Language issues in finding serial killers in other countriesEasier to find the “two kill” people in the U.S. than in other countriesCentralization of recordsMedia policy about publicizing murders
16 U.S. Serial Killers by Decade (Decade of First Kill)
24352928273913236447537119416Updated 9/08/2012
17 Age Age at the start of the series Potential problems
Should we use age at first kill rather than first kill in series?6% killed prior to the start of the seriesShould we use age at first attempted murderMany of the older serial killers spent time in prison prior to their seriesSimple descriptive statisticsMean = 28.4 (SD = 9.3)Median = 27Youngest = 9 (Robert Dale Segee, final kill was at age 21)Oldest = 72 (Ray Copeland)Only 27.5% actually fall into their mid-to-late 20’s (24 – 29)Updated 09/08/2012
18 General Serial Killer Profile Age at First Kill
RaceNMeanOur data (2011)1,89028.4Kraemer et al. (2004)15731Hickey (2002)28.5Updated 09/08/2012
19 General Serial Killer Profile Demographics – Average age is 28.1
Males29.0 is average age at first kill9 is the youngest (Robert Dale Segee)72 is the oldest (Ray Copeland)Jesse Pomeroy (Boston in the 1870s)Killed 2 people and tortured 8 by the age of 14Spent 58 years in solitary confinement until he diedFemales30.9 is average age at first kill11 is youngest (Mary Flora Bell)66 is oldest (Faye Copeland)Updated 09/10/2011
20 A Problem with Profiling
Typical Serial Killer Profile in the MediaA white, male, in his mid to late twentiesStatistics (U.S. Serial Killers)Male (91.4%)White (52.4%)Mid to late twenties (28.6%)White, male (45.3%)White male in his mid to late twenties (12.7%)Updated 09/08/2012
21 Gender Changes Across Time U.S. & International Serial Killers
DecadeMenWomen200093.7%6.3%199092.6%7.4%198091.0%9.0%197093.9%6.1%196091.5%8.5%195081.7%18.3%194087.5%12.5%193080.9%19.1%192078.2%21.8%191070.0%30.0%190057.1%42.9%TOTAL89.8%10.2%Updated 09/09/2012
22 Race Most media sources suggest that non-White serial killers are rare
Justin Cottrell (2012)Rise of the Black Serial KillerFound hundreds of Black serial killers that were not on other listsExtensive search was useful but might now overestimate the percentage of Black serial killers because a similar extensive search was not used for other races (including Whites)
23 General Serial Killer Profile Race
U.S.N=1,730U.S. & InternationalN=2,700White52.0%56.1%Black42.8%31.1%Hispanic3.8%4.7%Asian0.7%7.5%Native American0.8%0.6%Updated 09/09/2012
24 Racial Changes Across Time U.S. Serial Killers
DecadeWhiteBlackHispAsianN200028.4%68.6%1.5%1.0%194199041.8%52.3%4.6%1.3%371198054.3%37.0%6.6%0.6%473197062.0%33.6%3.3%363196068.7%29.8%0.0%131195079.5%20.5%39194063.0%29.6%3.7%27193053.6%46.4%28Updated 09/09/2012
25 Serial Killing is a White Thing 1980-2009
Serial Killers1980, 1990, 2000 CensusWhite45.0%74.40%Black48.4%11.95%Hispanic4.9%9.55%Asian1.0%2.81%Native Am.0.8%Updated 09/09/2012
26 Race Prolific African American Serial Killers
44 Jake Bird27 Coral Eugene Watts23 Wayne WilliamsEdward Suratt17 Clementine BarnabetMilton Johnson16 John Muhammad/Lee Boyd MalvoVincent Darrell Groves15 Richard JameswhiteFred GloverO’Delle, Pearl, & Peyton JacksonJohn Reed14 Jesse Lee CooksLarry GreenVincent GrovesHulon MitchellManuel MooreJ.C.X. SimonChester Dwayne TurnerClarence Walker
27 Race Prolific Hispanic Serial Killers
27 Angel Colon Maldonado25 Juan Corona23 Adolfo Constanzo16 Richard RamirezAngel Maturino Resendiz12 Robert Rubane DiazTimothy Joseph McGhee11 Juan Chavez10 Eddie Seda9 Jorge Beniquez9 Rolando Garcia9 Alfredo R. Prieto9 Dorothea Puente7 Fernando Cota7 Tondy Herrera7 Diana Lumbrera7 David Villarreal6 Juan Cordoba6 Timothy Joseph McGhee6 Paul Ruiz6 Efren Saldivar5 Ricardo Caputo5 Ramon T. Hernandez5 Leslie Torres
28 Race Prolific U.S. White Serial Killers
49 Gary Ridgeway48 Amy Archer-Gilligan41 Billy GohlBelle Gunness40 Charles Cullen37 Donald Harvey36 Ted Bundy35 Dr. Michael Swango34 Gerard Schaefer33 John Wayne GacyBruce Alan Davis32 Patrick Kearney31 Jane Toppan30 Stanley BernsonMorris Bolber29 Charles Cullen28 David Douglas Hill27 Dean Corrl, David BrooksElmer HenleyHerman Mudgett
29 Serial Killer IQ Media/Internet Our Database (N = 202) Rape Type
High IQOur Database (N = 202)Mean = 95.1Median = 89.0Range (54 – 165)RapeYes (94.2)No (96.3)TypeOrganized (99.6)Disorganized (93.2)Method of KillingBomb (140.3)Gun (93.0)Hands (95.0)Updated 09/08/2012
30 Are IQ Scores Reliable? You can fake dumb, but you can’t fake smart
People scoring lower than 70 cannot be executed (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002)David Leonard Wood1977 – Age 19 – 1111980 – Age 23 – 641980 – Age 23 – 1012011 – Age 54 – 75 (death sentence appeal)Psychologist thought Wood was faking lowWood correctly used “big words” in his letters
31 Intelligence The Smart
165 Ted Kaczynski (155)160 Charlene Gallego152 Carroll Cole145 Rudy BladelEd Kemper (136)Ronald WilliamsHerbert Coddington (142)140 Charles AlbrightRobert BrowneHarvey Glatman (130)138 James Clifford Carson136 Ted Bundy (125)134 Thomas DillonWilliam Christenson130Lawrence BittakerJuan CoronaGary Heidnik (148)Walter Leroy Moody (125)Marcel Petiot (135)Angel ResendezGerard Schaefer129 Bill HeirensPaul KnowlesRandy Kraft128 Joel Rifkin
32 Intelligence The Not So Smart
54 Donnie Gene Craig57 Simon Pirela58 John Staffen60 Eugene Britt62 Willie James Hodges (66)63 Arthur Goode64 John Thomas Straffen (58)Arthur Culombe65 Albert DyerDerrick Todd Lee (91)Sean Paul HanifyKarl Lee Myers (75)Charles Ng66 Elroy Chester (69)Charles Troy Coleman67 Sean Paul HanifyDonald William Dufour (62)
33 Family Comparison Serial Killers U.S. Population* Birth parent/s
82.71%87.4%Adopted5.36%2.2%Relative6.03%8.3%Foster home3.22%0.4%Orphanage2.01%?Abandoned0.67%Other1.7%N =7462000 Census*O’Hare (2008; Table 2)Updated 09/08/2012
34 Birth Order Comparison
Serial KillersU.S. PresidentsU.S. PopulationFirst Born31.2%33.3%28.36Middle Born31.4%50.0%15.90Youngest25.7%14.3%Only Child11.4%2.4%27.39N = 4402000 CensusUpdated 09/08/2012
35 General Serial Killer Profile Childhood
Unstable homeAbsence of loving and nurturing relationshipPhysical ailments and disabilitiesHead injuriesTriadbed wettingfire startinganimal torture
36 Effects of the Family Child Abuse
Comparison of Serial Killers to the General Population (Mitchell & Aamodt, 2005)Type of AbuseGeneralPopulationSerial KillersPhysical6%36%Sexual3%26%Psychological2%50%Neglect18%OtherNot applicableNo Abuse Reported70%32%
37 A Strange Way to Raise a Child Gary Heidnik
3 years oldDidn’t clean room properlyFather hung him by his feet out of a 3rd story window
38 A Strange Way to Raise a Child Henry Lee Lucas
3 years oldMother forced him to watch her have sex with strangers7 years oldMother made him go to school dressed like a girlMother beat him when his teacher gave him a pair of shoes10 Years oldMother’s lover showed him how to kill animals and then have sex with them
39 A Strange Way to Raise a Child Danny Rolling
6 monthsFather kicked him into a wall1 year oldFather beat him when he crawled funny6-8 years oldFather beat him twice a week13 years oldFather handcuffs him to brother, beats them, leaves them outside
40 A Strange Way to Raise a Child Robert Garrow
1 year oldFather made him kneel for hours in the corner2 years oldMother splits his head open with a crowbar during a beating5 years oldKnocked unconscious when mother hits him in the head with a piece of wood6 Years oldBeaten unconscious by his fatherMade to wear his sister’s bloomers out to play
41 General Serial Killer Profile Forensic History
TriadMost have a criminal history83.4% were previously arrested74.5% had spent time in jail or prisonMany received prior psychiatric treatment11.3% spent time in a forensic unit prior to their series6.0% killed prior to their serial killingThis is a difficult statistic to accurately computeUpdated 09/08/2012
42 Categorizing the Serial Killer
sex, race, ageIQpsychopathologyCrime Scenetype of weaponuse of tortureattempt to hide bodylocationMotivesexpowerfinancial gainVictimsex, race, ageoccupationpersonality ![]()
43 ____________________________________________________
Type of Victim____________________________________________________Spouse, Random Specific SpecificMotive Family Strangers Type Strangers Employees Patients________ ______ ________ _______ ________ _________ _______Money Black Contract Cost LethalWidow Killer Cutter CaretakerSex Disorganized OrganizedLust LustThrill Disorganized OrganizedThrill ThrillPower Bluebeard Angels ofDeathRevenge RevengePsychosis VisionaryHate MissionaryAttention Munchausen MunchausenNo motive Anti-social
Arcsoft photostudio 7. 44 Broad Motive Broad Motive (1,979 killers) %
Enjoyment (thrill, lust, power)50.3Financial gain31.1Anger9.7Multiple Motives3.7Gang Activity2.5Avoid arrest1.1Attention0.8Convenience0.5Hallucinations0.4Cult0.3
45 Types of Serial Killers Visionaries
Psychotic - told to killparanoia, schizophrenia1% of killers are psychotic (Henn et al., 1976)ExamplesHerbert MullinMiguel RiveraJoseph Kallinger
46 Herbert Mullin Crimes Vision Operated during 1972-1973
Killed 13 in Santa Cruz, CAShot most of his victimsVisionVoices told him to shave his head and burn his penis with a cigarette (he obeyed)Voices told him to kill in order to prevent a catastrophic earthquake
47 Joseph Kallinger Crimes Vision Operated during 1974-1975
Murdered 3 in NJ and PA (including one of his sons)Robbed and assaulted many othersHis 13 year old son was his accompliceVisionTold by God (through a large floating head with tentacles) to murder young boys and sever their genitals
48 Harvey Carignan Crimes Vision Known as the “Want-ad Killer”
Operated in SeattleKilled 3 (probably many more) by smashing their skull with a hammerVisionTold by God to kill womenGod didn’t tell him why
49 Types of Serial Killers Missionaries
Kill to “Clean-up” worldExamplesJoseph FranklinKilled interracial couples and African AmericansWounded Vernon Jordan and Larry Flynt (Hustler Magazine)Wolfgang AbelKilled drug addictsAxe Man of New OrleansKilled 11 (most were Italian grocers)Carroll Cole
50 Carroll Edward Cole Crimes Mission Operated during 1975-1980
Killed at least 13 women in several western statesMissionRid the world of loose womenAll his victims cheated on their significant-other with Cole
51 Types of Serial Killers Hedonists
Kill for fun or profitSubtypesLust Killers (kill for sexual gratification)OrganizedDisorganizedMixedThrill Killers (kill for the thrill of killing)Gain KillersContract KillersBlack WidowsLethal CaretakersCost Cutters
52 Examples of Lust Killers
Organized KillersTed BundyJohn GacyChris WilderKenneth BianchiEd KemperDisorganized KillersArthur ShawcrossRichard ChaseJeffrey DahmerDanny Rolling
53 Hedonists-Gain Killers Black Widows
The CrimeKill husbands, lovers, or relatives for financial gainAlmost always womenAlmost 90% use poison to kill their victimsExamplesDiana Lumbrera (killed her 6 children for insurance)Nanny Hazel Doss (killed 4 husbands, 2 sisters, 1 mother)Lydia Trueblood (killed 4 husbands, 1 child, brother in-law)Amy Gilligan (killed 5 husbands, several patients)
54 Hedonists - Gain Killers Cost Cutters
CrimeKill to save moneyExamplesJoseph BriggenKilled 12 ranch hands when their pay was dueFed the people to his prize-wining pigsGeorg GrossmanKilled over 50 people, put the meat into his hotdogsJoe Ball
55 Joe Ball Operated during the late 1930s
Killed at least 5, probably 14, waitresses at his tavern (The Sociable Inn) in TexasThrew them into a pit with 5 alligators in the back of the tavern
56 Hedonists-Gain Killers Lethal Caretakers - Profit
The CrimeKill patients for profitUsually womenExamplesDorthea Puente killed 7 elderly to cash social security checksAntoinette Scieri killed 12 elderly patients so that she could take their assetsAnna Hahn poisoned 5 elderly men she cared for to get their insurance
57 Types of Serial Killers Power Seekers
Kill to exert power over strangersExamplesTed BundyDavid BerkowitzAngelo BuonoEdward Kemper
58 Power Seekers Angels of Death
The CrimeUsually womenKill patients for feelings of power and controlExamplesGenene Jones - As a nurse, she killed between 11and 46 babies by injecting them with a muscle relaxantTerri Rachals killed 9 patients through injections of potassium chlorideDavid Harvey is an example of a male angel of deathGwendolyn Graham and Catherine Wood
59 Gwendolyn Graham and Catherine Wood
Killed 5 patients in Alpine Manor (a nursing home)Initial plan was to spell MURDER with the first letter in the last name of each victimGraham did all the killing and Wood kept watch
60 Power Seekers Blue Beard Killers
Males who kill their spousesExamplesJohann HochHenri LandruHarry PowersJames Watson
61 Henry LanduRomanced more than 300 women out of their money during the early 1900s in FranceRan personal ads to meet his womenMarried and killed 10 of themPut their bodies in an oven to dispose of them
62 Lethal Caretakers Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
The CrimeKill or hurt others in order to be admired for curing them or to get sympathy for the death of a loved oneMostly femalesExamplesBeverly Allitt injected insulin and potassium into 26 children (4 died, 9 had irreparable brain damage) over a 58-day periodMartha Woods - 27 respiratory attacks in 9 children resulted in 7 being killed (3 were her own children)
63 Types of Serial Killers Revenge Killers
Kill for revengeExamplesMartha Wise: Killed 3 family members opposing her marriageEllen Etheridge: Killed 4 of her 8 step-children because she was jealous of their relationship with her husbandMartha JohnsonHad 4 fights with her husbandAfter each fight, suffocated a child as revengeSuffocated by laying on top of them (she weighed 250 pounds)
64 Types of Serial Killers Antisocial Personalities
DefinitionPattern of irresponsible or harmful behaviorLack of conscienceIgnore social rules and lawsImpulsiveFail to learn from punishmentExamplesGang MembersCriminals who kill for no reason
65 The Crime Scene Serial Killer Type .
Crime Characteristic Disorganized OrganizedBody disfigured hiddenSex after death before deathunsuccessful successfulWeapons finds at scene bringsViciousness torture quickSophistication low high, learnseach time
Free word processing download for mac. 66 The Crime Scene Serial Killer Type .
Crime Characteristic Disorganized OrganizedTotem not taken takenFollows crime in news no yesVictim high risk low riskGets to crime by walking, bus drives
67 Killer Profile Serial Killer Type .
Characteristic Disorganized OrganizedResidence close to crime furtherIQ less intelligent intelligentEmployment menial or normalunemployedAppearance unattractive attractiveSelf-image feels inferior feels superiorSocial loner outgoing
68 Killer Profile Serial Killer Type .
Characteristic Disorganized OrganizedRomance lives alone affairs, shortrelationshipsAnger keeps inside acts out, bully,class clownBirth order low highHabits nighttime daytimeChildhood discipline harsh lax orinconsistent
69 Killer Profile Serial Killer Type .
Characteristic Disorganized OrganizedFamily alcoholism,mental illnessFather’s work unstable stable
When people think 'serial killer,' a face like Ted Bundy comes to mind — a relatively young, white male who's charming and intelligent.
But according to the Serial Killer Information Center, started by Dr. Mike Aamodt, a professor of psychology at Radford University, that isn't entirely true.
His database has identified over 2,600 serial killers, which Aamodt defined as somebody who killed at least two people, in two separate instances, with a 'cooling off' period in between.
Mass killers, however, typically kill a large number of people (usually four or more) in a single incident. Aamodt's definition differs slightly from the FBI's, which doesn't require a cooling off between killings.
Surprisingly, only 12.5% of US serial killers in Aamodt's database fit what most consider the typical profile — a white male in his late mid- to late-20s. While 92.3% of US serial killers (94.4% internationally) are male, only 52.1% are white. Only 27% are in their mid- to late-20s.
From 1990 to 2010, the most recent year of data in the project, 52.1% of US serials killers were white, while 40.3% were black. The numbers don't change much internationally either. Worldwide, 56.2% are white, while 30% are black.
'Note that when discussing the race or sex percentages, it is important to look at trends across time,' Aamodt told Business Insider via email. 'For example, if you combine US serial killers across all decades, 52% of serial killers have been white [and] 40% black .. However, if you just look at the past three decades: 37% were white [and] 60% were black. A very different picture!'*
Serial killers don't always act alone either. Three basic types exist: individual, team (two or more), and organizational, which can include gangs, criminal enterprises, and even terrorist groups.
Even excluding these 'organizational' serial killers, Aamodt found that 36.2% are white, while 55.1% are black.
Some other interesting statistics that Aamodt determined:
The database has identified 2,624 serial killers in the US, while other countries only claim 1,249. That could lead someone to believe that the US has more serial killers than the rest of the world combined, but that's not necessarily correct.
'It would be more accurate to say that more serial killers have been identified in the US than in the rest of the world combined,' Aamodt said. 'The murder rate for the US falls about in the middle of the rate for other countries. Thus, it doesn't make sense that the US murder rate is average yet its serial killer rate is by far the top.'
Aamodt gathered the information in his database using true-crime books, newspaper articles, prison records, court documents, and other historical sources of information. He started the Serial Killer Information Center in 1992 to provide his students, as well as the media, with accurate information regarding serial killers.
Aamodt, however, isn't the only one trying to find more accurate information about serial killers. Criminologist Eric Hickey has done considerable research on what constitutes a serial killing and how to identify those responsible, especially women. Contrary to Aamodt's research, about one in six serial killers are women, The New Yorker reported. These women, as 'quiet killers' who often target family, simply aren't as easy to detect, Hickey explained to the publication.
The definition of a serial killer can also vary, just as the FBI's does from Aadmodt's. Penn State psychology professor Marissa Harrison served as the lead author on a March 2015 study revolving around female serial killers. She, for example, defines a serial killer as someone who kills three or more people, with a 'cooling off' period, the Washington Post reported.
She also reiterated Hickey's point about detection. Female serial killers evade arrest almost twice as long as their male counterparts, Harrison told the Post.
Other organizations, such as the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime, established to aid the FBI in investigations, also conduct research regarding serial killers. A recent study from 2014 focused on details about the victims — and how that contributes to the typical portrait of a serial killer.
*Percentages were rounded to the nearest decimal.
![]() Comments are closed.
|
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |